东方蠊或黑蠊（学名：Blatta orientalis），是蟑螂的一个庞大的品种。成年东方蠊身体光滑，呈深褐色或黑色，雄性体长18～29 mm（0.71～1.14寸），雌性体长20～27 mm（0.79～1.06寸）。乍一看，雌性东方蠊似乎没有翅膀，实际上一对短而无用的翅膀生长在头部下方。相对于雄性，雌蠊身体较宽。雄蠊的翅膀很长覆盖其身体的大部分，呈黑褐色。少数雄蠊能作短距飞行，飞行距离2~3米。

东方蠊原生于克里米亚半岛及黑海与里海沿岸地区，但现时在全球的大都会均可看见其踪影。

The oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis), also known as the waterbug, is a large species of cockroach, adult males being 18–29 mm (0.71–1.14 in) and adult females being 20–27 mm (0.79–1.06 in). It is dark brown to black in color and has a glossy body. The female Oriental cockroach has a somewhat different appearance from the male, appearing to be wingless at casual glance but has two very short and useless wings just below her head. She has a wider body than the male. The male has long wings, which cover two thirds of the abdomen and are brown in color, and has a narrower body. The odd male is capable of very short flights, ranging about 2 to 3 meters. The female oriental cockroach looks somewhat similar to the Florida woods cockroach, and may be mistaken for it. Originally endemic to the Crimean Peninsula and the region around the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, its distribution is now cosmopolitan.