孔隙率（英语：Porosity）或孔隙分数是表征材料的孔隙部分的物理量，定义为孔隙的体积与材料总体积的比率，所以总是在0到1之间，用百分数表示，为0到100%之间。由于开孔或与开孔连通的孔隙才能允许液体进入，在应用上更有价值，所以多将开孔所占体积与材料总体积的比值定义为有效孔隙率(effective porosity)，有效孔隙率小于等于总孔隙率。有多种方法可以测试材料的孔隙率和有效孔隙率， 孔隙率概念被广泛用于药理学、陶瓷、冶金、材料生产、土壤机理和工程等多方面。

Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0 and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void," the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam). There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning. The term porosity is used in multiple fields including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, earth sciences, soil mechanics and engineering.