The key here was to make everything ultrathin.

这里的关键在于所有材料都要超薄。

Jacob Sagiv made a giant step forward in this field of research by discovering a way to transform a solid surface with an ultrathin layer of molecules.

而 Jacob Sagiv 发现了用分子超薄层改变固体表面，在该领域研究中向前迈出了一大步。

Because metal atoms crystallize so rapidly, scientists had to cool the alloy down incredibly fast, a million degrees Kelvin per second, by shooting tiny droplets at cold copper plates, or spinning ultrathin ribbons.

因为金属原子结晶极为迅速，所以科学家们必须极快地把合金冷却，大概是以一百万开氏度每秒，他们把微粒射向冷铜片，或者极薄的旋转带。