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单词 Total derivative
释义

Total derivative

中文百科

全微分

全微分英语:total derivative)是微积分学的一个概念,指多元函数的全增量\Delta z的线性主部,记为\operatorname dz。例如,对于二元函数z=f(x,\ y),设f在点P_0(x_0,\ y_0)的某个邻域内有定义,P(x_0+\Delta x,\ y_0+\Delta y)为该邻域内的任意一点,则该函数在点P_0(x_0,\ y_0)的全增量可表示为

\Delta z = A\Delta x+B\Delta y + o(\rho)

其中AB仅与xy有关,而与\Delta x\Delta y无关,\rho=\sqrt{(\Delta x)^2 +(\Delta y)^2}。若o(\rho)是当\rho \rightarrow 0时的高阶无穷小,则称此函数z=f(x,\ y)在点 (x,\ y)可微分,而A\Delta x+B\Delta y即为函数z=f(x,\ y)在点P_0(x_0,\ y_0)的全微分,记作

\operatorname dz|_{x=x_0,\ y=y_0} = A\Delta x + B\Delta y

\operatorname df(x_0,y_0) = A\Delta x + B\Delta y

英语百科

Total derivative 全微分

In the mathematical field of differential calculus, a total derivative or full derivative of a function f of several variables, e.g., t, x, y, etc., with respect to an exogenous argument, e.g., t, is the limiting ratio of the change in the function's value to the change in the exogenous argument's value (for arbitrarily small changes), taking into account the exogenous argument's direct effect as well as its indirect effects via the other arguments of the function.

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