吐火罗（英语：Tochari）是原始印欧人地处最东的一支民族，聚居在**塔里木盆地一带。

根据对库车和焉耆出土的吐火罗语残卷研究，以吐火罗语交谈的吐火罗人属印欧语人，但很早从原始印欧语人群分离。

根据对塔里木干尸和**古墓出土古尸骨的研究，吐火罗人的外貌特征都是黄褐或棕褐头发、蓝眼睛、高鼻，具有原始印欧人特征，头骨类似北欧型。塔里木干尸生前是地处最东的操印欧语言的人，大约在公元前3000至4000年居留在**塔里木盆地一带，后来成为吐火罗人。《汉书·西域志》关于西域人有“今之胡人青眼、赤须”、“其人皆深目，多须髯”。吐火罗人最后可能被回鹘人在9世纪中叶后同化。

The Tocharians or Tokharians (/təˈkɛəriənz/ or /təˈkɑːriənz/) were Indo-European peoples who inhabited the medieval oasis city-states on the northern edge of the Tarim Basin (modern ********, China) in ancient times. Their Tocharian languages, a branch of the Indo-European family, are known from manuscripts from the 6th to 8th centuries AD, after which they were supplanted by the Turkic language of the ****** Kingdom of Qocho. These people were called "Tocharian" by late-19th century scholars who identified them with the Tókharoi described by ancient Greek sources as inhabiting Bactria. Although this identification is now generally considered mistaken, the name has become customary.