小食蚁兽属（学名：Tamandua），是贫齿总目披毛目食蚁兽科的一属，包括两种：南部的小食蚁兽（Tamandua tetradactyla）和北部的中美小食蚁兽（Tamandua mexicana），都分布在美洲大陆的森林和草地区域。主要以蚂蚁和白蚁为食，偶尔也吃蜜蜂。圈养的小食蚁兽还吃水果和肉。

小食蚁兽比大食蚁兽在体型上要小许多，但比侏食蚁兽要大。

Tamandua is a genus of anteaters with two species: the southern tamandua (T. tetradactyla) and the northern tamandua (T. mexicana). They live in forests and grasslands, are semiarboreal, and possess partially prehensile tails. They mainly eat ants and termites, but they occasionally eat bees, beetles, and insect larvae. In captivity, they will eat fruits and meat. They have no teeth and depend on their powerful gizzards to break down their food.