鼹科，或鼹鼠科（学名：Talpidae）成员大多为穴居的鼩鼱目动物，体形结构适于地下生活，但也有部分的成员为水栖动物。过去曾与其它鼩鼱目成员一起被归类为食虫目。

鼹科动物可以分为3个亚科、7个族及17个属。以下粗体的分类是被称为「鼹鼠」的种属：

The family Talpidae includes the moles, shrew moles, desmans, and other intermediate forms of small insectivorous mammals of the order Soricomorpha. Talpids are all digging animals to various degrees: moles are completely subterranean animals; shrew moles and shrew-like moles somewhat less so; and desmans, while basically aquatic, excavate dry sleeping chambers; whilst the quite unique star-nosed mole is equally adept in the water and underground. Talpids are found across the Northern Hemisphere and southern Asia, Europe, and North America, although none are found in Ireland nor anywhere in the Americas south of northern Mexico.