表面状态 是固体材料表面的所有的能级。它们的形成来源于固体材料在表面的忽然中止的变化，并且只在最接近表面处的原子层上。材料在表面处的忽然中止导致了能带结构的改变，即是从材料本身向真空的过渡。在表面处变弱的势能使得新的电子状态出现，称为表面状态。

Surface states are electronic states found at the surface of materials. They are formed due to the sharp transition from solid material that ends with a surface and are found only at the atom layers closest to the surface. The termination of a material with a surface leads to a change of the electronic band structure from the bulk material to the vacuum. In the weakened potential at the surface, new electronic states can be formed, so called surface states.