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单词 Stability island
释义

Stability island

中文百科

稳定岛 Island of stability

(重定向自Stability island)
3D渲染理论上的稳定岛
Measured (boxed) and predicted (shaded) half-lives of isotopes, sorted by number of protons and neutrons. The expected location of the island of stability is circled.

稳定岛理论是核子物理中的一个理论推测,核物理学家推测具有“幻数”数目的质子和中子的原子核的化学元素特别稳定。假如这个猜测正确的话,那幺特定的超铀元素的同位素比其它同位素要稳定,这些同位素的放射性衰变过程可能非常慢。

稳定岛理论最初是格伦·西奥多·西博格提出的。他认为原子核中的核子与原子核外的电子一样是分布在不同的“壳”中的,实际上每个壳就是一组相近的量子能级。不同壳之间的能量的差别则比较大。假如一个原子核中的质子和中子正好填满一个壳的话,那幺每个核子之间的结合能就最大,因此这个核就最稳定,这个核比其附近核子没有填满或超出一个壳的同位素要稳定。

英语百科

Island of stability 稳定岛

(重定向自Stability island)
Measured (boxed) and predicted (shaded) half-lives of isotopes, sorted by number of protons and neutrons. The expected location of the island of stability is circled.
Periodic table with elements colored according to the half-life of their most stable isotope.
  Stable elements.
  Radioactive elements with half-lives of over four million years.
  Half-lives between 800 and 34,000 years.
  Half-lives between 1 day and 103 years.
  Half-lives ranging between several minutes and 1 day.
  Half-lives less than several minutes.

In nuclear physics, the island of stability is the prediction that a set of heavy isotopes with a near magic number of protons and neutrons will temporarily reverse the trend of decreasing stability in elements heavier than uranium. Although predictions of the exact location differ somewhat, Klaus Blaum expects the island of stability to occur in the region near the isotope Ubn. Estimates about the amount of stability on the island are usually around a half-life of minutes or days, with some optimistic predictions expecting half-lives of millions of years.

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