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单词 Space charge
释义

Space charge

英语百科

Space charge

Graph showing Child-Langmuir Law. S and d are constant and equal to 1.
Abb. 1: Blitze sind Entladungen von Raumladungen, die sich in den Wolken aufgebaut haben
Abb. 2: Vakuumdiode mit Elektronenwolke
Abb. 3: Strom-Spannungskennlinie der Vakuumdiode. Gestrichelt: Sättigungsströme für 3 verschiedene Kathoden-Temperaturen

Space charge is a concept in which excess electric charge is treated as a continuum of charge distributed over a region of space (either a volume or an area) rather than distinct point-like charges. This model typically applies when charge carriers have been emitted from some region of a solid—the cloud of emitted carriers can form a space charge region if they are sufficiently spread out, or the charged atoms or molecules left behind in the solid can form a space charge region. Space charge usually only occurs in dielectric media (including vacuum) because in a conductive medium the charge tends to be rapidly neutralized or screened. The sign of the space charge can be either negative or positive. This situation is perhaps most familiar in the area near a metal object when it is heated to incandescence in a vacuum. This effect was first observed by Thomas Edison in light bulb filaments, where it is sometimes called the Edison effect, but space charge is a significant phenomenon in many vacuum and solid-state electronic devices.

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