That solid sulfate mineral crust contrasts with thinner, weaker duricrusts observed by other Mars rovers, which may have formed through the actions of water vapor, according to the study.

根据这项研究，固体硫酸盐矿物外壳与其他火星探测器观察到的更薄、更弱的硬壳形成鲜明对比，硬壳可能是通过水蒸气的作用形成的。