太阳位置是从地球表面观察时，太阳在天空中的位置，它是时间和地理位置两者的函数。当地球绕着太阳运转一年，太阳似乎相对于在天球上的恒星沿着一条固定的路径移动，这个路径称为黄道。地球自转导致天空中恒星的运动是相对于观测者的地理纬度，沿着一定的路径与方式移动，特定的恒星穿越观测者的子午线的时间与当地的经度有所关联。让一位观测者找到再给定时间的太阳位置，要经过下列三个步骤：

这些计算用在天文学、航海、测量、气象学、气候学、太阳能和日晷的设计都很有用。.

The position of the Sun in the sky is a function of both time and the geographic coordinates of the observer on the surface of the Earth. As the Earth moves around the Sun during the course of the year, the Sun appears to move with respect to the fixed stars on the celestial sphere, along a path called the "ecliptic". The Earth's rotation about its axis causes the fixed stars to move in the sky in a way that depends on the observer's geographic latitude. The time when a given fixed star crosses the observer's meridian depends on the geographic longitude. To find the Sun's position for a given observer at a given time, one may therefore proceed in three steps: