It makes sense for fungus to exchange soil nutrients and sugar with a tree— both parties benefit.

真菌与一棵树交换土壤养分和糖是有意义的——双方皆有所得。

Ecologists and plant scientists measure tree growth, soil nutrients and other parameters in thousands of forest plots around the world.

生态学家和植物科学家会测量世界各地数千个森林地块的树木生长、土壤养分和其他参数。

In meadows, forests, and wetlands around the world, we consistently find more or bigger plants but fewer species where soil nutrients are highest.

在世界各地的草甸、森林、湿地里，我们总会发现更多、更大但种类更少的植物，长在土壤最肥沃之处。

For example, plant growth depends on levels of sunlight and soil nutrients.

例如，植物生长取决于阳光和土壤养分的水平。

Most carbon would be in the trees themselves, since deciduous trees gobble up soil nutrients as they grow rapidly.

大多数碳都存在于树木本身中，因为落叶树在快速生长时会吞噬土壤养分。

As a result, the genetically modified trees out-compete the native trees for resources, sunlight, soil, nutrients, and water, eventually crowding out the natural trees.

结果，转基因树木在资源、阳光、土壤、养分和水方面与本地树木展开竞争，最终排挤天然树木。

To explain this, it is necessary to take into account winter winds (which facilitate long-distance dispersal) along with the availability of deep snow and soil nutrients (which promote plant growth).

为了解释这一点，有必要考虑到冬季风（有助于长距离的扩散）以及深厚的积雪和土壤养分（可促进植物生长）。

So when farmers harvest their crops each year, they’re also taking away some of the soil’s nutrients, which makes it harder for new plants to grow.

因此，当农民每年收割庄稼时， 他们也会带走土壤中的一些养分，这使得新植物更难生长。