十二烷基硫酸钠（Sodium dodecyl sulfate，SDS）或月桂基硫酸钠(Sodium lauryl sulfate SLS)，NaC₁₂H₂₅SO₄，常用的表面活性剂之一，是洗洁精的主要成分。常用于DNA提取过程中，使蛋白质变性后与DNA分开。通常被误读为十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS'）（NaC₁₂H₂₅SO₃）。十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）作为发泡剂被广泛应用于牙膏、肥皂、沐浴乳、洗发精、洗衣粉，以及化妆品中。95%的个人护肤用品和家居清洁用品中都含有十二烷基硫酸钠。

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, synonymously sodium lauryl sulfate (or laurilsulfate; SDS or SLS, respectively), is a synthetic organic compound with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₁SO₄Na. It is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products. The sodium salt is of an organosulfate class of organics. It consists of a 12-carbon tail attached to a sulfate group, i.e., it is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate, the ester of dodecyl alcohol and sulfuric acid. Its hydrocarbon tail combined with a polar "headgroup" give the compound amphiphilic properties and so make it useful as a detergent. Also derived as a component of mixtures produced from inexpensive coconut and palm oils, SDS is a common component of many domestic cleaning, personal hygiene and cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food products, as well as of industrial and commercial cleaning and product formulations.