Socii
![Linguistic map of Italy in the 6th century BC. Gallic tribes (in dark blue) had already colonised the region of Piedmont. By 400 BC, they had overrun much of the rest of the Po plain in the North, and Gaulish dialects had displaced Lepontic, Raetic, Etruscan and N. Picene in that region. Raetic survived in the Alps. Note the tiny area occupied by the original Latins](/Images/godic/202502/11/Iron_Age_Italy5555.png")
![Gate in the Servian Wall of Rome, on the Caelian Hill. The wall, made of massive tufa stone blocks, was built just after Rome was sacked by the Gauls in 390 BC](/Images/godic/202502/11/RomaClivusScauri5555.JPG")
![Site of a typical Etruscan hill town. Civita di Bagnoregio, Lazio, Italy](/Images/godic/202502/11/Civita_di_Bagnoregio5555.jpg")
![Silver nomos coin issued by the Greek city of Tarentum in southern Italy, c. 500 BC. The coin is incuse i.e. reverse side is mirror image of obverse. Obverse shows hero Phalanthos riding a dolphin, the traditional symbol of the city, with legend TAPAΣ (TARAS), the Greek name for Tarentum](/Images/godic/202502/11/Tarentum_incuse_nomos_7697505555.jpg")
The socii (['sokiː] in Latin; /ˈsoʊʃiaɪ/ in English; "allies") were the autonomous tribes and city-states of the Italian Peninsula in permanent military alliance with the Roman Republic until the Social War of 91–88 BC. After this conflict, all Rome's peninsular Italian allies were awarded Roman citizenship and their territories incorporated in the Roman state. The Romans themselves referred to their confederates as the socii Latini ("Latin allies"), although most were not members of the Latin tribe strictly speaking, but members of various other Italian tribes and city-states. In everyday usage, the word socius /ˈsoʊʃəs/ could mean "associate" or "partner" in general.