Before the end of the eighteenth century, the skilled workmen—printers, shoemakers, tailors, and carpenters—had, as we have seen, formed local unions in the large cities.

正如我们所见，在 18 世纪末之前，熟练的工人——印刷工、鞋匠、裁缝和木匠——已经在大城市成立了地方工会。