无线传感网络（Wireless sensor network），或译无线感知网络，是由许多在空间中分布的自动装置组成的一种无线通信计算机网络，这些装置使用传感器协作地监控不同位置的物理或环境状况（比如温度、声音、振动、压力、运动或污染物）。无线传感器网络的发展最初起源于战场监测等军事应用。而现今无线传感器网络被应用于很多民用领域，如环境与生态监测、健康监护、家居自动化以及交通控制等。

无线传感网络的每个节点除配备了一个或多个传感器之外，还装备了一个无线电***、一个很小的单片机和一个能源（通常为电池）。单个传感器节点的尺寸大到一个航天飞机，小到一粒尘埃。传感器节点的成本也是不定的，从几百美元到几美分，这取决于传感器网络的规模以及单个传感器节点所需的复杂度。传感器节点尺寸与复杂度的限制决定了能量、存储、计算速度与带宽的受限。

Wireless sensor networks (WSN), sometimes called wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN), are spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. The more modern networks are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity. The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on.