Safety pharmacology

Safety pharmacology is the study of the potential undesirable pharmacodynamic effects of a substance in relation to dosage within the substance's therapeutic range and above. In particular, for the medicinal products targeting the immune system, the potential unintended effects should be investigated, e.g. using the in-vitro studies, including the human material. The animal models that are thought to be similar to the human disease may provide further insight in the pharmacological action, the pharmacokinetics, and dosing in the patients. They may also help in safety determination.