露丝·潘乃德（Ruth Benedict，原姓Fulton，1887年6月5日－1948年9月17日），美国人类学家。20世纪初少数的女性学者，受到法兰兹·鲍亚士的影响，同爱德华·萨丕尔提出最早的文化形貌论（Cultural Configuration），认为文化如同个人，具有不同的类型与特征。

潘乃德早年学习英国文学，故其作品文笔高妙，并善于作诗以及细腻的描述。她的作品中，尤以《文化模式》（Patterns of Culture）与《菊与刀》最为著名。尽管她论述的重要性已被其他理论取代，但其著作中提出的问题与关怀，至今仍受到人类学、历史学等学科的重视与关注。

Ruth Fulton Benedict (June 5, 1887 –September 17, 1948) was an American anthropologist and folklorist.

She was born in New York City, attended Vassar College and graduated in 1909. She entered graduate studies at Columbia University in 1919, where she studied under Franz Boas. She received her Ph.D and joined the faculty in 1923. Margaret Mead, with whom she may have shared a romantic relationship, and Marvin Opler, were among her students and colleagues.