浪漫主义（英语：Romanticism）是开始于18世纪德国的艺术、文学及文化运动，发生于1790年工业革命开始的前后。浪漫主义注重以强烈的情感作为美学经验的来源，并且开始强调如不安及惊恐等情绪，以及人在遭遇到大自然的壮丽时所表现出的敬畏。浪漫主义是对于启蒙时代以来的贵族和专制政治文化的颠覆，以艺术和文学反抗对于自然的人为理性化。浪漫主义重视民间艺术、自然以及传统，主张一个根基于自然的知识论，以自然的环境来解释人类的活动，包括了语言、传统、习俗。浪漫主义受到了启蒙运动的理念影响，也吸收了中世纪文化复古的艺术成分。中文「浪漫」一词来自「Romantic」，而「Romantic」和「Romance」的字源是罗马(Roman、Roma)，其原意实际上是指「罗马或操罗曼语系民族式的」，后来其定义被狭义化为「罗马或操罗曼语系民族式的激情」、一种对梦想的不断追求和实现的情怀；而在华语地区，「Romantic」最早被翻译成「罗曼蒂克」，后来改为「浪漫」之后由于无法再追查其字源，所以意思被严重扭曲了；例如华人经常会将「浪漫」和「温馨」混为一谈，然而两者本身意思上并不一样。

Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical. It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education, and the natural sciences. It had a significant and complex effect on politics, and while for much of the Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, its long-term effect on the growth of nationalism was perhaps more significant.