概念是抽象的、普遍的想法，是充当指明实体、事件或关系的范畴或类的实体。在它们的外延中忽略事物的差异，如同它们是同一的去处理它们，所以概念是抽象的。它们等同的适用于在它们外延中的所有事物，所以它们是普遍的。概念也是命题的基本元素，如同词是句子的基本语义元素一样。

概念是意义的载体，而不是意义的主动者。一个单一的概念可以用任何数目的语言来表达；术语则是概念的表达形式。狗 的概念可以表达为德语的 Hund，法语的 chien 和西班牙语的 perro。概念在一定意义上独立于语言的事实使得翻译成为可能 - 在各种语言中词有同一的意义，因为它们表达了相同的概念。

A representation term is a word, or a combination of words, that semantically represent the data type (value domain) of a data element. A representation term is commonly referred to as a class word by those familiar with data dictionaries. ISO/IEC 11179-5:2005 defines representation term as a designation of an instance of a representation class As used in ISO/IEC 11179, the representation term is that part of a data element name that provides a semantic pointer to the underlying data type. A Representation class is a class of representations. This representation class provides a way to classify or group data elements.