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单词 Principle of Parsimony
释义

Principle of Parsimony

原声例句
阿尔伯塔大学-恐龙古生物学

Phylogenetic trees are constructed using the principle of parsimony.

系统发育树是使用简约原则构建的。

中文百科

奥卡姆剃刀 Occam's razor

(重定向自Principle of Parsimony)
安德烈亚斯·塞拉里乌斯所绘制的哥白尼系统,见于《和谐大宇宙》(1708)。太阳、月亮和其他太阳系行星的运动既可以用地心说来解释,也可以用日心说来解释,都同样有效,然而日心说只需要7个基本假设,地心说却需要多得多的假设。在尼古拉·哥白尼的《天体运行论》序言中指出了这一点
可能存在无必要的复杂解释。例如,可以将矮精灵拉布列康加入任何解释中,但是奥卡姆剃刀阻止了这样的添加,除非它有必要

奥卡姆剃刀英语:Occam's Razor, Ockham's Razor),又称“奥坎的剃刀”,拉丁文为lex parsimoniae,意思是简约之法则,是由14世纪逻辑学家、圣方济各会修士奥卡姆的威廉(William of Occam,约1287年至1347年,奥卡姆(Ockham)位于英格兰的萨里郡)提出的一个解决问题的法则,他在《箴言书注》2卷15题说“切勿浪费较多东西,去做‘用较少的东西,同样可以做好的事情’。”换一种说法,如果关于同一个问题有许多种理论,每一种都能作出同样准确的预言,那幺应该挑选其中使用假定最少的。尽管越复杂的方法通常能作出越好的预言,但是在不考虑预言能力的情况下,前提假设越少越好。

英语百科

Occam's razor 奥卡姆剃刀

(重定向自Principle of Parsimony)
Andreas Cellarius's illustration of the Copernican system, from the Harmonia Macrocosmica (1660). The motions of the sun, moon and other solar system planets can be calculated using a geocentric model (the earth is at the centre) or using a heliocentric model (the sun is at the centre). Both work, but the geocentric system requires many more assumptions than the heliocentric system, which has only seven. This was pointed out in a preface to Copernicus' first edition of De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.
Possible explanations can become needlessly complex. It is coherent, for instance, to add the involvement of leprechauns to any explanation, but Occam's razor would prevent such additions unless they were necessary.
 Espiral fractal. ¿Qué nos hace pensar que a nuestra escala, el Universo parezca simple y ordenado, en lugar de realmente ser complejo y caótico a otra escala, macroscópica o microscópica?.
Visión de un artista de un agujero negro con disco de acreción.

Occam's razor (also written as Ockham's razor, and lex parsimoniae in Latin, which means law of parsimony) is a problem-solving principle attributed to William of Ockham (c. 1287–1347), who was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher and theologian. The principle can be interpreted as stating Among competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected.

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