Finally, endocrine disorders can also cause primary amenorrhea.

最后，内分泌疾病也会导致原发性闭经。

A rarer cause of primary amenorrhea is androgen insensitivity syndrome.

导致原发性闭经的一个罕见原因是雄激素不敏感综合征。

The one symptom of both primary and secondary amenorrhea is, well, the absence of menstruation.

原发性和继发性闭经共有的一个症状是没有月经。

The most common cause of primary amenorrhea is Turner syndrome, where one X chromosome is either completely or partially absent.

最可能的原发性闭经原因是Turner综合征：有一个X染色体完全或者部分缺失。

The first step when evaluating primary or secondary amenorrhea is to rule out pregnancy with a pregnancy test.

评估原发性或继发性闭经的第一步是用孕检排除怀孕可能。

There are many causes of secondary amenorrhea, and when they occur before menarche, all of these can also cause primary amenorrhea.

有许多原因会导致继发性闭经，而当它们在初潮前发生时，都会导致原发性闭经。

Sometimes though, menstruation either never starts which is called primary amenorrhea or suddenly stops in a person who's previously menstruating which is called secondary amenorrhea.

而有时，（青春期后）月经从未出现，这被称为原发性闭经；或是原先有月经周期，但突然停止，这就被称为继发性闭经。

Primary amenorrhea is when a female hasn't had her first menstruation, called menarche, by age 16, despite normal growth and having started puberty.

原发性闭经指女性在16周岁前没有初次月经（即初潮），尽管生长发育、进入青春期均无异常。

Causes of secondary amenorrhea can also cause primary amenorrhea, and they include functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, premature ovarian failure and Asherman syndrome.

继发性闭经的病因也可以导致原发性闭经，包括功能性下丘脑性闭经、多囊卵巢综合症、高泌乳素血症、卵巢早衰以及Asherman综合征。

Primary amenorrhea is also suspected when a female hasn't had menarche by age 13 and doesn't show signs of puberty, which include developing secondary sexual characteristics like breasts.

当女孩13岁时没有初潮，且没有出现青春期发育征兆，也要考虑是否为原发性闭经；青春期发育指第二性征发育，如乳房发育。

Because it causes streak ovaries, Turner syndrome is also the most common cause of primary amenorrhea, which is when a female has not begun breast development by age 13 or hasn't had menarche by age 15.

由于会导致条索状卵巢，因此特纳综合征也是原发性闭经的最常见原因；原发性闭经是指女性在13岁之前没有乳房发育，或到15岁尚未月经初潮。