需求的价格弹性
需求的价格弹性（Price elasticity of demand），在经济学中一般用来衡量需求的数量随商品价格的变动而变动的情况。假设![Q](/Images/godic/202502/04/f09564c9ca56850d4cd6b3319e541aee5238.png")
为某个商品的需求，![P](/Images/godic/202502/04/44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa5239.png")
为该商品的价格，则计算需求的价格弹性![E_d](/Images/godic/202502/04/26d78ce9f5f29393175d988dce536a5b5239.png")
为，
![E_d=\frac{\Delta Q / Q}{\Delta P / P}=\frac{\Delta Q}{\Delta P}\cdot\frac{P}{Q}](/Images/godic/202502/04/b0dbb7457e48ac5e4da5743270145aa45239.png")
使用微积分：
![E_d=\frac{d Q}{d P}\cdot\frac{P}{Q}](/Images/godic/202502/04/27b290b750910d1ec46f56f949406bd85239.png")
通常来说，因为商品价格的下跌会导致需求数量的增加，所以一般情况下需求的价格弹性系数为负数。经济学家对此虽有所知，但是除了分析特别情况之外，并不对其感兴趣。
Price elasticity of demand
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Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性
![The illustration that accompanied Marshall's original definition of PED, the ratio of PT to Pt](/Images/godic/202502/04/Marshall_PED5239.png")
![Perfectly inelastic demand[10]](/Images/godic/202502/04/Elasticity-inelastic5240.png")
![Perfectly elastic demand[10]](/Images/godic/202502/04/Elasticity-elastic5240.png")
![A set of graphs shows the relationship between demand and total revenue (TR) for a linear demand curve. As price decreases in the elastic range, TR increases, but in the inelastic range, TR decreases. TR is maximised at the quantity where PED = 1.](/Images/godic/202502/04/Price_elasticity_of_demand_and_revenue.svg5240.png")
Price elasticity of demand (PED or Ed) is a measure used in economics to show the responsiveness, or elasticity, of the quantity demanded of a good or service to a change in its price, ceteris paribus. More precisely, it gives the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a one percent change in price (ceteris paribus)
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