Portolan chart

The oldest original cartographic artifact in the Library of Congress: a portolan nautical chart of the Mediterranean Sea. Second quarter of the 14th century.

1439 portolan chart by Gabriel de Vallseca (Museu Maritim, Barcelona)

Portolan chart by Jorge de Aguiar (1492), the oldest known signed and dated chart of Portuguese origin (Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, USA)

Portolan or portulan charts are navigational maps based on compass directions and estimated distances observed by the pilots at sea. They were first made in the 13th century in Italy, and later in Spain and Portugal, with later 15th and 16th century charts noted for their cartographic accuracy. With the advent of widespread competition among seagoing nations during the Age of Discovery, Portugal and Spain considered such maps to be state secrets. The English and Dutch relative newcomers found the description of Atlantic and Indian coastlines extremely valuable for their raiding, and later trading, ships. The word portolan comes from the Italian adjective portolano, meaning "related to ports or harbors", or "a collection of sailing directions".

单词	Portolani
释义	Portolani 英语百科 Portolan chart Portolan or portulan charts are navigational maps based on compass directions and estimated distances observed by the pilots at sea. They were first made in the 13th century in Italy, and later in Spain and Portugal, with later 15th and 16th century charts noted for their cartographic accuracy. With the advent of widespread competition among seagoing nations during the Age of Discovery, Portugal and Spain considered such maps to be state secrets. The English and Dutch relative newcomers found the description of Atlantic and Indian coastlines extremely valuable for their raiding, and later trading, ships. The word portolan comes from the Italian adjective portolano, meaning "related to ports or harbors", or "a collection of sailing directions".
随便看	subjective subjective acoustic characteristics subjective acoustics subjective activity Subjective analysis subjective and groundless conclusion subjective angle of view subjective antisepsis subjective appreciation subjective approach formulation subjective arousal level subjective aspects of crime subjective assessment subjective assessment of noise subjective assume subjective astigmatism subjective attribute subjective audiometry subjective bayes approach subjective bias subjective brightness subjective cacostomia Subjective carotid bruit Subjective case subjective certitude

Portolani

Portolan chart