Four clinical symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes, that all sound similar, are polyphagia, glycosuria, polyuria, and polydipsia.

未加以控制的糖尿病临床症状有4种，听起来很类似，即多食、糖尿、多尿与多饮。

Since glucose is osmotically active, water tends to follow it, resulting in an increase in urination, or polyuria.

葡萄糖为渗透活性物质，水会跟随它，造成多尿。

Besides central DI further underlying etiologies of DI can be due to other primary forms (renal origin) or secondary forms of polyuria (resulting from primary polydipsia).

除了中枢性尿崩症之外，DI的潜在病因还可能是由于其他原发性形式(肾源性)或继发性形式的多尿(由原发性多饮引起)。

Stones is for calcium-based kidney stones or gallstones that can form, thrones refers to the toilet to remind you of the polyuria or frequent urination that results from impaired sodium and water reabsorption.

结石是指可能形成的钙基肾结石或胆结石；马桶指的是会多尿或尿频，这是由钠和水的再吸收受损造成的。

As beta cells are lost and insulin levels decrease, glucose levels in the blood start to increase, and patients develop hyperglycemia, which leads to similar clinical signs that I mentioned before, like polyphagia, glycosuria, polyuria, and polydipsia.

丧失β细胞后，胰岛素水平开始下降，血糖水平开始上升，而患者出现高血糖，最终导致之前提及的临床表现，即多食、糖尿、多尿与多饮。