重农主义（Physiocracy，其希腊字源为Physio（自然）-cracy（治理），也称作重农学派）的经济理论认为，国家财富的根本来源为土地生产及土地发展，偏重以农业劳动为主的自然秩序的概念。该理论以1750年代～1770年代初的法国弗朗索瓦·魁奈和杜尔戈为主要代表，这和“科尔贝尔主义”偏重以国家以关税管制贸易并鼓励及控制工商制造业不同，重农主义者倾向降低关税(特别是农产品)及经济自由放任(laissez-faire)主义。

重农主义者认为，经济活动的主要动力是来自农业生产的的盈余，而其它的如工资、消费、地租是这盈余的转化及衍生活动。

Physiocracy (from the Greek for "Government of Nature") is an economic theory developed by a group of 18th century Enlightenment French economists who believed that the wealth of nations was derived solely from the value of "land agriculture" or "land development" and that agricultural products should be highly priced. Their theories originated in France and were most popular during the second half of the 18th century. Physiocracy is perhaps the first well-developed theory of economics.