麝牛，学名：Ovibos moschatus，分布在加拿大北极地区和格陵兰岛 ，小种群引进瑞典，西伯利亚，挪威和阿拉斯加。因为雄性麝牛在交配季节时会散发强烈的气味而得名。雌雄都有宽大的角，向下斜长的毛皮，可以让雪顺利滑落，是羚牛的近亲，尽管像牛，但是许多方面都更像羊，可以说是一种超大型的野羊。主要生活在加拿大和格陵兰岛北部北极地区。阿拉斯加的原生种麝牛已于十九世纪灭绝，目前见到的麝牛为后来引进的结果。

据说约公元前132年，汉朝方士东方朔约在22岁时，曾随汉武帝派遣的海上方士集团，到海外各地进行过海外探险旅行，有观点认为其曾到过北极。

The muskox (Ovibos moschatus), also spelled musk ox and musk-ox, in Inuktitut ᐅᒥᖕᒪᒃ, umingmak, is an Arctic mammal of the family Bovidae, noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted during the seasonal rut by males, from which its name derives. This musky odor is used to attract females during mating season. Muskoxen primarily live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland, with small introduced populations in Sweden, Siberia, Norway, and Alaska.