Osroene, also spelled Osrohene and Osrhoene (Ancient Greek: Ὀσροηνή; Syriac:ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪܗܝMalkūṯā d-Bayt ʿŌrhai) and sometimes known by the name of its capital city, Edessa (modern Şanlıurfa, Turkey), was a historical kingdom located in Upper Mesopotamia, which enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 BC to AD 244.
It was a Syriac-speaking kingdom.