在线分析处理（英语：On-Line Analytical Processing，简称OLAP），是一套以多维度方式分析数据，而能弹性地提供积存（英语：Roll-up）、下钻（英语：Drill-down）、和枢纽分析（英语：pivot）等操作，呈现集成性决策信息的方法，多用于决策支持系统、商务智能或数据仓库。其主要的功能，在于方便大规模数据分析及统计计算，对决策提供参考和支持。与之相区别的是在线交易处理（OLTP）。

OLAP的概念，在实际应用中用广义和狭义两种不同的理解。广义上的理解与字面意思相同，即针对于OLTP而言，泛指一切不对数据进行输入等事务性处理，而基于已有数据进行分析的方法。但更多的情况下OLAP是被理解为其狭义上的含义，即与多维分析相关，基于立方体（CUBE）计算而进行的分析。

In computing, online analytical processing, or OLAP (/ˈoʊlæp/), is an approach to answering multi-dimensional analytical (MDA) queries swiftly. OLAP is part of the broader category of business intelligence, which also encompasses relational database, report writing and data mining. Typical applications of OLAP include business reporting for sales, marketing, management reporting, business process management (BPM), budgeting and forecasting, financial reporting and similar areas, with new applications coming up, such as agriculture. The term OLAP was created as a slight modification of the traditional database term online transaction processing (OLTP).