Johnson–Nyquist noise

These three circuits are all equivalent: (A) A resistor at nonzero temperature, which has Johnson noise; (B) A noiseless resistor in series with a noise-creating voltage source (i.e. the Thévenin equivalent circuit); (C) A noiseless resistance in parallel with a noise-creating current source (i.e. the Norton equivalent circuit).

Johnson–Nyquist noise (thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise) is the electronic noise generated by the thermal agitation of the charge carriers (usually the electrons) inside an electrical conductor at equilibrium, which happens regardless of any applied voltage. The generic, statistical physical derivation of this noise is called the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, where generalized impedance or generalized susceptibility is used to characterize the medium.

单词	Nyquist noise
释义	Nyquist noise 英语百科 Johnson–Nyquist noise Johnson–Nyquist noise (thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise) is the electronic noise generated by the thermal agitation of the charge carriers (usually the electrons) inside an electrical conductor at equilibrium, which happens regardless of any applied voltage. The generic, statistical physical derivation of this noise is called the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, where generalized impedance or generalized susceptibility is used to characterize the medium.
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