Nuqta

Manisha Kulshreshtha and Ramkumar Mathur write in the text Dialect Accent Features for Establishing Speaker Identity that "A few sounds, borrowed from the other languages like Persian and Arabic, are written with a dot (bindu or nuktā). Many native Hindi speakers, especially those who come from rural backgrounds and do not speak really good Khariboli, pronounce these sounds as the nearest equivalents." For example, these rural speakers will assimilate the sound ɣ (ग़ غ) as ɡ (ग گ). However, a text on modern Hindi grammar by one author Vajpeyi (1957ff.) allows for the nuqtā in only two letters, ड़ ṛa and ढ़ ṛha, arguing that the other letters written with nuqtā show no phonological differentiation in spoken Hindi, so that writing the nuqtā would be just a pedantic exercise in orthography, or etymology. With these differing recommendations, "there is no uniformity among the Hindi users in the use of these adapted consonants."

With a renewed Hindi-Urdu language contact, many Urdu writers now publish their works in Devanagari editions. Since the Perso-Arabic orthography is preserved in Nastaʿlīq script Urdu orthography, these writers use the nuqtā in Devanāgari when transcribing these consonants.