天文摄影为一特殊的摄影技术，可记录各种天体和天象，月球、行星甚至遥远的深空天体。天文摄影不一定要在夜间进行，一些特殊的天象如日食就需在日间拍摄。所需的器材因拍摄对象而异，简单如一台配备标准镜头的单镜反光机（SLR，single lens reflex camera），复杂如连接到望远镜的冷却CCD相机，都可进行拍摄。除了天文台，全球有数量庞大之天文爱好者积极投入这活动，甚至视之为兴趣。

一幅成功之天文摄影照片具有一定的欣赏价值，部分作品更可用作科学研究。例如流星雨照片可供天文学家推算出流星雨辐射点的准确位置，部分超新星爆炸甚至记录在感光板上多年方由学者辨认出来。

Astrophotography is a specialized type of photography for recording images of astronomical objects and large areas of the night sky. The first photograph of an astronomical object (the Moon) was taken in 1840, but it was not until the late 19th century that advances in technology allowed for detailed stellar photography. Besides being able to record the details of extended objects such as the Moon, Sun, and planets, astrophotography has the ability to image objects invisible to the human eye such as dim stars, nebulae, and galaxies. This is done by long time exposure since both film and digital cameras can accumulate and sum light photons over these long periods of time.