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单词 Normalized steel
释义

Normalized steel

英语百科

Tempering (metallurgy)

Photomicrograph of martensite, a very hard microstructure formed when steel is quenched. Tempering reduces the hardness in the martensite by transforming it into various forms of tempered martensite.
Pieces of through-tempered steel flatbar. The first one, on the left, is normalized steel. The second is quenched, untempered martensite. The remaining pieces have been tempered in an oven to their corresponding temperature, for an hour each.
Time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram. The red line shows the cooling curve for austempering.

Tempering is a process of heat treating, which is used to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys. Tempering is usually performed after hardening, to reduce some of the excess hardness, and is done by heating the metal to some temperature below the critical point for a certain period of time, then allowing it to cool in still air. The exact temperature determines the amount of hardness removed, and depends on both the specific composition of the alloy and on the desired properties in the finished product. For instance, very hard tools are often tempered at low temperatures, while springs are tempered to much higher temperatures.

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