弗里德里希·威廉·尼采（德语：Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche，1844年10月15日－1900年8月25日），著名德国语言学家、哲学家、文化评论家、诗人、作曲家，他的著作对于宗教、道德、现代文化、哲学、以及科学等领域提出了广泛的批判和讨论。他的写作风格独特，经常使用格言和悖论的技巧。尼采对于后代哲学的发展影响极大，尤其是在存在主义与后现代主义上。

在开始研究哲学前，尼采是一名文本学家。24岁时尼采成为了瑞士巴塞尔大学的德语区古典语文学教授，专攻古希腊语，拉丁文文献。但在1879年由于健康问题而辞职，之后一直饱受精神疾病煎熬。1889年尼采精神崩溃，从此再也没有恢复，在母亲和妹妹的照料下一直活到1900年去世。

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (/ˈniːtʃə/; German:[ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈniːt͡sʃə]; 15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, poet, and Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history. Beginning his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy, he became the youngest-ever occupant of the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869, at age 24. He resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life, and he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and a complete loss of his mental faculties. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother (until her death in 1897) and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, and died in 1900.