夹竹桃（Nerium oleander），又名洋夹竹桃或欧洲夹竹桃，是一种夹竹桃科的常绿灌木或小乔木，具观赏价值的中草药。因为茎部像竹，花朵像桃，因而为名。它是夹竹桃属中唯一的品种。北非古城沃吕比利斯就是以洋夹竹桃的旧拉丁文名而取名的。

夹竹桃出产自摩洛哥及葡萄牙以东至地中海地区及亚洲南部至中国的云南。它们一般会生长在干涸的河床。它们可以生长至2-6米高，在直立的枝上向外展开。特征为叶轮生，蓇葖果呈圆柱状，种子很多，披褐色长毛。叶子成对或三块一组，厚身及革质，呈深绿色，窄而呈尖枪状，长5-21厘米，阔2.5-5厘米，边缘平滑。花朵成束的在枝端长出，成聚繖花序，花期为4至9月，有白色、粉红色或黄色，直径2.5-5厘米，有一个五瓣的花冠。它们一般，但不是经常，会散发出甜香味。果实长而窄，有5-23厘米长，成熟时会爆开放出大量种子。

Nerium oleander /ˈnɪəriəm ˈoʊliː.ændər/ is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane family Apocynaceae, toxic in all its parts. It is the only species currently classified in the genus Nerium. It is most commonly known as oleander, from its superficial resemblance to the unrelated olive Olea. It is so widely cultivated that no precise region of origin has been identified, though southwest Asia has been suggested. The ancient city of Volubilis in Morocco may have taken its name from the Berber name oualilt for the flower. Oleander is one of the most poisonous of commonly grown garden plants.