Heritability
（重定向自Narrow heritability）
![Studies of heritability ask questions such as how much genetic factors play a role in differences in height between people. This is not the same as asking how much genetic factors influence height in any one person.](/Images/godic/202501/29/Critique_of_the_Theory_of_Evolution_Fig_0763907.jpg")
![Figure 1. Relationship of phenotypic values to additive and dominance effects using a completely dominant locus.](/Images/godic/202501/29/Additive_and_Dominance_Effects3907.png")
![Figure 3. Strength of selection (S) and response to selection (R) in an artificial selection experiment, h2=R/S.](/Images/godic/202501/29/Resp-to-sel3907.jpg")
![Figure 4. Sir Francis Galton's (1889) data showing the relationship between offspring height (928 individuals) as a function of mean parent height (205 sets of parents).](/Images/godic/202501/29/Galton_experiment3908.png")
Heritability is a statistic used in breeding and genetics works that estimates how much variation in a phenotypic trait in a population is due to genetic variation among individuals in that population. It is calculated with the following equation (for broad-sense heritability): H^2 = VG/VP. Other causes of measured variation in a trait are characterized as environmental factors, including measurement error. In human studies of heritability these are often apportioned into factors from "shared environment" and "non-shared environment" based on whether they tend to result in persons brought up in the same household more or less similar to persons who were not.