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单词 Molecular dipole
释义

Molecular dipole

英语百科

Dipole

The Earth's magnetic field, approximated as a magnetic dipole. However, the
Contour plot of the electrostatic potential of a horizontally oriented electrical dipole of finite size. Strong colors indicate highest and lowest potential (where the opposing charges of the dipole are located).
Electric field lines of two opposing charges separated by a finite distance.
Magnetic field lines of a ring current of finite diameter.

In electromagnetism, there are two kinds of dipoles:

Dipoles can be characterized by their dipole moment, a vector quantity. For the simple electric dipole given above, the electric dipole moment points from the negative charge towards the positive charge, and has a magnitude equal to the strength of each charge times the separation between the charges. (To be precise: for the definition of the dipole moment, one should always consider the "dipole limit", where, for example, the distance of the generating charges should converge to 0 while simultaneously, the charge strength should diverge to infinity in such a way that the product remains a positive constant.)

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