The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons.

首先起作用的就是信号蛋白，它也被称为干扰素。

And they found that, unlike us—the bats always have interferons on patrol.

而结果他们发现，与我们人类所不同的是，蝙蝠体内的干扰素一直在起作用。

Uninfected cells start secreting interferons alpha and beta, which inhibits viral protein synthesis and protects those cells from getting infected.

未被感染的细胞开始分泌α和β干扰素，阻止病毒蛋白质的合成，使其他细胞免于被感染。

The drug interferons, not not, yeah.

药物干扰素，不是没有，是的。

And I'm also gonna watch a sketchy video on interferons.

我还将观看有关干扰素的粗略视频。

In one study, people were injected with one of three substances: saline, lipopolysaccharide, or interferon — another inflammation inducing substance.

在一项研究中，我们为受试者分别注射三种试剂：生理盐水、脂多糖、以及一种可以诱导炎症的干扰素。

(and also on cells from monkeys, as a control). They concluded that always-on interferon pathways probably do speed up viral evolution.

（作为对照，也对猴子的细胞进行了实验）。他们总结称，永远活跃的干扰素通路可能确实加快了病毒进化。

Other T cells produce chemicals called lymphokines (such as interferons and interleukins) that have a toxic effect upon cells or bacteria.

其他T细胞产生称为淋巴因子的化学物质（如干扰素和白细胞介素），对细胞或细菌有毒性作用。

Lonely people have unusually low numbers of a type of myeloid cell that generates what are known as interferon responses, which hamper viral replication.

孤独的人他们血液中骨髓细胞的数量异常的低，骨髓细胞可以产生干扰素反应，阻碍病毒复制。

Like, studies have found that a significant number of patients with life-threatening COVID-19 have problems with their interferons, proteins that help spot viruses and interfere with their replication.

例如，有研究发现，大量新冠病毒重症患者的干扰素存在问题，干扰素是能够帮助识别病毒并干扰其复制的蛋白质。