启蒙运动（英语：Enlightenment，德语：Aufklärung），又称启蒙时代（法语：Siècle des Lumières；英语：Age of Enlightenment）与理性时代（英语：Age of Reason），是指在17世纪及18世纪欧洲地区发生的一场哲学及文化运动，该运动相信理性发展知识可以解决人类实存的基本问题。人类历史从此展开在思潮、知识及媒体上的“启蒙”，开启现代化和现代性的发展歴程。德意志哲学家康德以「敢于求知」（dare to know，拉丁语：Sapere aude）的启蒙精神来阐述人类的理性担当。他认为启蒙运动是人类的最终解放时代，将人类意识从不成熟的无知和错误状态中解放。

The Enlightenment – known in French as the Siècle des Lumières, the Century of Enlightenment, and in German as the Aufklärung – was a philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and came to advance ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government and ending the perceived abuses of the church and state. In France, the central doctrines of the Lumières were individual liberty and religious tolerance, in opposition to the principle of absolute monarchy and the fixed dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church. The Enlightenment was marked by increasing empiricism, scientific rigor, and reductionism, along with increased questioning of religious orthodoxy.