希尔伯特的23个问题是德国数学家大卫·希尔伯特（David Hilbert）于1900年在巴黎举行的第二届国际数学家大会上作了题为《数学问题》的演讲，所提出23道最重要的数学问题。希尔伯特问题对推动20世纪数学的发展起了积极的推动作用。在许多数学家努力下，希尔伯特问题中的大多数在20世纪中得到了解决。

希尔伯特问题中未能包括拓扑学、微分几何等领域，除数学物理外很少涉及应用数学，更不曾预料到电脑的发展将对数学产生重大影响。20世纪数学的发展实际上远远超出了希尔伯特所预示的范围。

希尔伯特问题中的1-6是数学基础问题，7-12是数论问题，13-18属于代数和几何问题，19-23属于数学分析。

Hilbert's problems are a list of twenty-three problems in mathematics published by German mathematician David Hilbert in 1900. The problems were all unsolved at the time, and several of them were very influential for 20th century mathematics. Hilbert presented ten of the problems (1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 13, 16, 19, 21 and 22) at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians, speaking on August 8 in the Sorbonne. The complete list of 23 problems was published later, most notably in English translation in 1902 by Mary Frances Winston Newson in the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society.