隐马尔可夫模型（Hidden Markov Model，HMM）是统计模型，它用来描述一个含有隐含未知参数的马尔可夫过程。其难点是从可观察的参数中确定该过程的隐含参数。然后利用这些参数来作进一步的分析，例如模式识别。

在正常的马尔可夫模型中，状态对于观察者来说是直接可见的。这样状态的转换概率便是全部的参数。而在隐马尔可夫模型中,状态并不是直接可见的，但受状态影响的某些变量则是可见的。每一个状态在可能输出的符号上都有一概率分布。因此输出符号的串行能够透露出状态串行的一些信息。

A hidden Markov model (HMM) is a statistical Markov model in which the system being modeled is assumed to be a Markov process with unobserved (hidden) states. An HMM can be presented as the simplest dynamic Bayesian network. The mathematics behind the HMM were developed by L. E. Baum and coworkers. It is closely related to an earlier work on the optimal nonlinear filtering problem by Ruslan L. Stratonovich, who was the first to describe the forward-backward procedure.