一氧化二氮或氧化亚氮（英语：Nitrous oxide），无色有甜味气体，又称笑气，是一种氧化剂，化学式N₂O，在一定条件下能支持燃烧，但在室温下稳定，有轻微麻醉作用，其麻醉作用于1799年由英国化学家汉弗莱·戴维发现。该气体早期被用于牙科手术的麻醉，现用在外科手术和牙科。“笑气”的名称是由于吸入它会感到欣快，并能致人发笑。一氧化二氮能溶于水、乙醇、乙醚及浓硫酸，但不与水反应。它也可以用来作为火箭和赛车的氧化剂，以及增加发动机的输出功率。一氧化二氮是强温室气体。

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, nitro, or NOS is a chemical compound with the formula N
2O. It is an oxide of nitrogen. At room temperature, it is a colorless, non-flammable gas, with a slightly sweet odor and taste. It is used in surgery and dentistry for its anaesthetic and analgesic effects. It is known as "laughing gas" due to the euphoric effects of inhaling it, a property that has led to its recreational use as a dissociative anaesthetic. It is also used as an oxidizer in rockets and in motor racing to increase the power output of engines. At elevated temperatures, nitrous oxide is a powerful oxidizer similar to molecular oxygen.