裸背电鳗科为辐鳍鱼纲电鳗目的其中一科。

裸背电鳗科下分2个属，如下：

The naked-back knifefishes are a family (Gymnotidae) of knifefishes found only in fresh waters of Central America and South America. All have organs adapted to the exploitation of bioelectricity. The family has 33 or 40 valid species in two genera. These fish are nocturnal and mostly occur in quiet waters from deep rivers to swamps. In strongly flowing waters, they may bury themselves.