First, there's a reduction in gray matter.

第一，大脑灰质的减少。

But patients with schizophrenia lose a lot more gray matter.

但是精神分裂症患者会失去更多的灰质。

This gray matter reduction coincides with an increase in white matter.

灰质减少的同时，白质正在增加。

But why? Does flexing the old gray matter somehow buffer against age-related intellectual impairment?

但是原因何在呢？收缩老灰质会缓解年龄引起的智力损坏吗？

And we know that gray matter is more responsible for people's math skills.

我们知道，灰质主要负责人们的数学技能。

More gray matter allows for more complex cognitive developments and more development means a higher IQ.

灰质越多，认知发展就越复杂，发展越多，智商就越高。

In our brains, we have two main tissues: one is white matter. The other is gray matter.

一种是白质。另外一种是灰质。

Imaging studies show that white and gray matter volumes undergo drastic changes during adolescence, and continuing through your twenties.

影像研究表明白质量和灰质量会在青春期发生剧烈变化，并将持续到 20 多岁。

Specifically, researchers looked at changes to gray matter, the darker-colored tissue that's mostly on the surface of the brain.

具体来说，研究人员观察灰质的变化，这是一种主要位于大脑表面的深色组织。

Adopting a new language leads to a higher concentration of gray matter in both the hippocampus and the frontal lobe.

采用一种新的语言会导致海马体和额叶的灰质浓度增加。