内质网（英语：Endoplasmic reticulum, ER）是在真核生物细胞中由膜围成的隧道系统，为细胞中的重要细胞器。实际上内质网是膜被折叠成一个扁囊或细管状构造，可分为粗糙内质网（Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, rER）和光滑内质网（Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, sER）两种。

内质网联系了细胞核、细胞质和细胞膜这几大细胞构造。它内与细胞核（核膜外膜）相连，外与细胞膜相接，使之成为透过膜连接的一个整体。内质网负责物质从细胞核到细胞质、细胞膜以及细胞外的转运过程。因为细胞内质网膜与细胞核外膜是相连的，因此内质网空腔与核周腔（perinuclear space）是共通，且细胞可以靠内质网的膜来快速调节细胞核的大小。粗糙内质网上附着有大量核糖体，合成膜蛋白和分泌蛋白。光面内质网上无核糖体，为细胞内外糖类和脂类的合成和转运场所。

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle in the cells of eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae. The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum occurs in most types of eukaryotic cells, including the most primitive Giardia, but is absent from red blood cells and spermatozoa. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum, rough and smooth. The outer (cytosolic) face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is especially prominent in cells such as hepatocytes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism, the production of steroid hormones, and detoxification. The smooth ER is especially abundant in mammalian liver and gonad cells. The lacy membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum were first seen in 1945 using electron microscopy.