近邻同盟 (古希腊语： Ἀμφικτίων或 Ἀμφικτύων）--是一个由雅典、色萨利等十二个相互毗邻的城邦构成的宗教性组织。

近邻同盟是以神庙为中心创建起来的，同盟每年举行一次会议，讨论盟内各邦之间及盟邦与外邦之间的关系，同时也商讨神庙的维修及财政等问题。同盟规定，同盟内任何成员受到外邦威胁时，加盟各邦有同仇敌忾的责任，各邦必须保护神庙并以向神庙献祭为己任。从形式上看，“近邻同盟”似乎是一个纯粹意义上的宗教性同盟，但是它所表现出来的倾向是使加盟各邦团结一致共同御敌。因此，它又是作为一种政治性的团体存在于希腊世界。

In the Archaic period of Greek history, an amphictyony (Greek: ἀμφικτυονία), a "league of neighbors", or Amphictyonic League was an ancient religious association of Greek tribes formed in the dim past, before the rise of the Greek polis. The six Dorian cities of coastal southwest Asia Minor, or the twelve Ionian cities to the north, a dodecapolis forming an Ionian League emerging in the aftermath of a dimly-remembered "Meliac war" in the mid-7th century BC, were already of considerable antiquity when the first written records emerge.