燧石俗称火石，主要由隐晶质石英组成。是比较常见的硅质岩石，致密、坚硬，多为灰、黑色，敲碎后具有贝壳状断口，根据其存在状态，分为两种类型：

燧石由于坚硬，破碎后产生锋利的断口，所以是最早为石器时代的原始人所青睐，绝大部分石器都是用燧石打击制造的，燧石和铁器击打会产生火花，所以也为古代人用作取火工具，中国古代常用一小块燧石和一把钢制的“火镰”击打取火，所以燧石也叫作火石，燧石枪也是利用扳机击打火石引发火药的。现代利用燧石的坚硬性质，将燧石作为研磨的原料。

Flint is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as a variety of chert. It occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones. Inside the nodule, flint is usually dark grey, black, green, white or brown in colour, and often has a glassy or waxy appearance. A thin layer on the outside of the nodules is usually different in colour, typically white and rough in texture. From a petrological point of view, "flint" refers specifically to the form of chert which occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Similarly, "common chert" (sometimes referred to simply as "chert") occurs in limestone.