To me, a radical is simply someone who rebels against the norm or advocates a change in the existing state of affairs.

在我看来，激进分子就是那些反抗常规或主张改变现状的人。

This does not mean that we really believe that the existing state of affairs will continue indefinitely.

这并不意味着我们真的相信现有的事态会无限期地持续下去。

Back at home, she continued to encourage Jewish immigration into Israel despite the pressure on the existing state infrastructure.

回到国内后，尽管现有国家基础设施面临压力，她仍继续鼓励犹太移民进入以色列。

That has had an impact, but those kinds of debates don't really get framed as like a challenge to the existing welfare state, but more like tweaking the details.

这已经产生了影响，但这种争论并没有真正被视为对现有福利国家制度的挑战，而是更像是在调整细节。

But I had quite determined that it would be a heartless fraud to take more money from my patron in the existing state of my uncertain thoughts and plans.

但我已经下定决心，在我目前不确定的想法和计划的情况下，从我的赞助人那里拿走更多的钱将是一个无情的骗局。

When Charles effectively declared war on parliament at the end of August it was more an acknowledgement of the existing state of affairs than a bolt from the darkness.

当查理八月底实际上向议会宣战时，这更多的是对现有事态的承认，而不是黑暗中的一道闪电。

The idea has support across the political spectrum, from libertarians who say it would simplify the existing social welfare state, to socialists who want to redistribute wealth toward the lower and middle class.

这个想法得到了各个政治派别的支持，从声称这将简化现有社会福利国家的自由主义者，到希望将财富重新分配给中下阶层的社会主义者。

Accusing individuals or groups of being radical often serves to silence them into submission, thereby maintaining the existing state of affairs, and more important, preserving the power of a select minority who are mostly wealthy white males in western society.

指责个人或团体激进往往是为了让他们保持沉默，从而维持现状，更重要的是，保留少数人的权力，这些人在西方社会大多是富有的白人男性。

The essence of this convention-though it does not, of course, work out quite so simply-lies in assuming that the existing state of affairs will continue indefinitely, except in so far as we have specific reasons to expect a change.

这个惯例的本质——当然，它并没有那么简单——在于假设现有的事态将无限期地持续下去，除非我们有特定的理由期待改变。

It is evident from the above that the level of employment at any time depends, in a sense, not merely on the existing state of expectation but on the states of expectation which have existed over a certain past period.

从上文可以明显看出，在某种意义上，任何时候的就业水平不仅取决于现有的预期状态，还取决于过去某个时期存在的预期状态。