人体内部有维持恒定现象的功能，因此有赖于内分泌系统和神经系统来共同运作。内分泌系统（Endocrine）是负责调控动物体内各种生理功能正常运作的两大控制系统之一，由分泌激素（荷尔蒙）的无导管腺体（内分泌腺）所组成。另一个控制系统是神经系统。荷尔蒙又称为激素，是一种化学传导物质，自腺体分泌出来后，借由体液或进入血液经由循环系统运送到标的器官而产生作用。

The endocrine system refers to the collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs. The major endocrine glands include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus, gastrointestinal tract and adrenal glands. The endocrine system is in contrast to the exocrine system, which secretes its hormones to the outside of the body using ducts. The endocrine system is an information signal system like the nervous system, yet its effects and mechanism are classifiably different. The endocrine system's effects are slow to initiate, and prolonged in their response, lasting from a few hours up to weeks. The nervous system sends information very quickly, and responses are generally short lived. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. The field of study dealing with the endocrine system and its disorders is endocrinology, a branch of internal medicine. Special features of endocrine glands are, in general, their ductless nature, their vascularity, and commonly the presence of intracellular vacuoles or granules that store their hormones. In contrast, exocrine glands, such as salivary glands, sweat glands, and glands within the gastrointestinal tract, tend to be much less vascular and have ducts or a hollow lumen.